Senegal · Grouper

Senegalese Fish and Rice

Thieboudienne (Ceebu Jën)

Thieboudienne is the national dish of Senegal, born in the fishing town of Saint-Louis. Thick steaks of thiof (white grouper) are stuffed with a parsley, garlic and chili paste, simmered in a tomato broth with cassava, cabbage, carrot and eggplant, and the broken rice is cooked last in all that flavor.

  • Prep 40 min
  • Cook 1 h 30 min
  • Serves 6
  • Level Medium
Photo: FomaA / Adobe Stock

Ingredients

Tap each item as you gather it.

For the stuffing (rof)

For the fish and broth

Vegetables

For the rice

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Method

Step by step, the traditional way.

  1. Make the rof. Pound or blend the parsley, green onions, garlic, scotch bonnet, bouillon, pepper and salt into a coarse green paste.
  2. Stuff the fish. Cut 2 deep pockets in each fish steak and pack them with the rof. Keep any leftover rof for the pot.
  3. Fry the fish. Heat the oil in a large heavy pot and brown the fish 3 minutes per side. Lift it out and set aside.
  4. Make the base. In the same oil fry the onions until soft, 8 minutes. Stir in the tomato paste and any leftover rof and cook 5 minutes, until the paste turns dark red and the oil comes to the top.
  5. Cook the vegetables. Add the water, guedj, tamarind liquid, whole scotch bonnet and salt and bring to a boil. Add the cassava, cabbage, carrots, turnips and squash and simmer 20 minutes, then the eggplant and okra.
  6. Add the fish. Slip the fish back in and simmer 15 minutes, until the fish and vegetables are tender. Lift everything out onto a covered platter and keep warm.
  7. Cook the rice. Measure the broth: you need about 4½ cups in the pot (save the rest). Add the rice, stir once, cover tightly and cook on low about 25 minutes, until tender. The rice that sticks and browns at the bottom is the xooñ, the best part.
  8. Serve. Spread the red rice on a large platter, set the fish in the middle and the vegetables around. Serve with lime wedges, the reserved broth and the pepper sauce.

On the side

The side dish that belongs with it, full recipe included.

Senegalese Hot Pepper Sauce
Senegal

Senegalese Hot Pepper Sauce

Kaani

The fiery sauce on every thieboudienne platter, made with the scotch bonnet that cooked in the pot, a ladle of the broth and fresh lime.

  • Prep 5 min
  • Cook 5 min
  • Serves 6
  • Level Easy

You need

  • 2 scotch bonnet peppers (the one from the pot plus 1 fresh)
  • ½ small onion
  • 1 garlic clove
  • ½ cup hot broth from the thieboudienne pot
  • 1 lime, juiced
  • ½ tsp salt

How to make it

  1. Blend. Blend the peppers, onion and garlic with the hot broth until smooth.
  2. Simmer. Pour into a small pan and simmer 3–4 minutes to take the raw edge off the onion.
  3. Season. Stir in the lime juice and salt.
  4. Serve. Serve in a small bowl next to the platter, a little at a time. It is hot.